Author : Dr Kate Garside
How to recognise the signs of drug addiction
Recognising a drug problem early can make a huge difference in supporting someone towards recovery. Addiction can affect anyone, and the signs aren’t always obvious. While everyone is different, there are some common physical, behavioural, and psychological indicators that may suggest someone is struggling with substance misuse.
It’s important to understand that there is no single sign that automatically indicates drug addiction. While changes in behaviour, physical appearance, or mood can be warning signs, they may also be caused by other factors such as stress, mental health conditions, illness, or lifestyle changes. Addiction is usually identified by patterns over time rather than one isolated symptom. Observing multiple indicators and looking at the overall impact on someone’s life, combined with professional assessment, is the most reliable way to determine whether support or treatment is needed.
Physical signs to look for if you are concerned that someone may have a drug problem
It is important to remember that these physical signs are not specific to a drug problem, and may be seen with many different health problems
- Sudden weight changes can be weight loss or gain
- Bloodshot eyes, dilated or constricted pupils
- Frequent nosebleeds or runny nose (common with snorted drugs)
- Unexplained injuries or accidents
- Changes in sleep patterns – sleeping too much or insomnia
- Poor personal hygiene
- Needle Marks / Track Marks: Small puncture wounds, scabs, or scars along veins, usually on the arms, hands, or sometimes legs. These are common in people who inject drugs.
- Skin Changes: Bruising, abscesses, or infections at injection sites. Skin may appear pale, sallow, or flushed depending on the substance.
- Poor Oral Health: Especially with methamphetamine or cocaine, teeth may decay or gums may recede.
- Tremors or Shakiness: Noticeable trembling of hands or body.
- Frequent Nosebleeds: Common with drugs that are snorted.
- Sweating or Chills: Unexplained sweating, hot flushes, or cold chills.
- Rapid Aging: Chronic drug use can accelerate signs of aging, such as wrinkles or fatigue lines.
Note: Physical signs alone do not confirm addiction — they should be considered alongside behavioural and psychological indicators. Compassionate observation and professional assessment are essential.
Behavioural signs to look for
- Neglecting responsibilities at work, school, or home
- Increased secrecy or isolation from friends and family
- Sudden changes in social groups or friendships
- Financial problems, borrowing money, or unexplained spending
- Mood swings, irritability, or aggression
- Loss of interest in hobbies and activities they once enjoyed
Psychological signs that may be associated with a drug problem
These signs are not specific to a drug problem and may be seen with many different mental health problems
- Anxiety, depression, or sudden emotional instability
- Lack of motivation or chronic fatigue
- Paranoia or suspicious behaviour
- Difficulty concentrating or remembering things
When to Intervene
If you notice several of these signs over a period of time, it may indicate a substance problem. Approach the situation with compassion and understanding, not blame. Early intervention can prevent the problem from worsening and increase the chances of successful recovery.
How drug testing can help identify a drug problem
Drug testing can be a useful tool in identifying substance misuse and supporting recovery. It provides objective information about drug use, which can help individuals, families, and professionals understand the extent of a problem and guide the most appropriate treatment.
Drug testing can help:
- Confirm suspicions of drug use when warning signs are present
- Identify the type and frequency of substances being used
- Support early intervention before the addiction becomes more severe
- Monitor progress in rehabilitation or community programmes
- Provide reassurance and evidence for families, employers, or medical professionals
What drugs should be tested for?
The substances tested often depend on the setting, risk factors, or observed behaviours. Common drugs screened for in the UK include:
- Opioids: Heroin, codeine, morphine, methadone
- Stimulants: Cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy/MDMA, methamphetamine
- Cannabis: THC (marijuana)
- Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, alprazolam, temazepam
- Prescription medications: Certain painkillers or sedatives that may be misused
- New Psychoactive Substances (NPS/Synthetic Drugs): Often called “legal highs”
Different types of drug testing — urine, saliva, blood, or hair — can detect substances over varying timeframes. Urine drug testing is most common in rehab and workplace settings, while hair tests can provide a longer-term history of use.
Key Point: Drug testing is not about punishment — it’s a tool to support recovery. When combined with therapy, counselling, and structured treatment, it can help individuals get the right care at the right time.
Struggling with drug addiction or know someone who is? You don’t have to face it alone. Discover UK-based services, rehab programmes, and support options to start the journey to recovery today.